Glossary

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Term Definition
Small Intestines

Tubular structure, about 21 feet long in adults, between the stomach and the large intestine (colon) where most of digestion takes place.

Spleen

Organ located above the stomach and under the ribs on the left side. Part of the lymphatic system, which fights infection and keeps your body fluids in balance, it contains white blood cells that fight germs. The spleen also helps control the amount of bl

Splenectomy

Surgical removal of the spleen.

Sternum

Bone in the center of the chest which attaches the ribs and protects the heart and lungs.

Strabismus

Also called lazy eye or wandering eye; the eye seems misaligned.

Sturge-Weber Syndrome

A disorder characterized by a facial birthmark and neurological abnormalities.

Syncope

Fainting

Tachycardia

A heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute.

Telangiectasia (widened blood vessel)

Small, widened blood vessels on the skin and sometimes in the brain. Usually harmless, but sometimes can bleed.

Tetralogy of Fallot

Combination of abnormalities with four key features: 1) A ventricular septal defect (a hole between the ventricles); 2) obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs (pulmonary stenosis); 3) the aorta (major artery from the heart to the

Thoracic Duct

Originating in the abdomen and running upwards through the chest where it connects to the vascular system just below the collar bone, it is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, collects most of the lymph in the body and, in adults, moves about 4 lite

Thoracic Duct Ligation

Surgical procedure in which the thoracic duct is tied off to prevent lymph from flowing through it.

Thrombocytopenia

Decrease in the number of platelets in the body.

Thrombocytosis (elevated platelets)

Increase in the number of platelets in the body.

Thrombophilia/Thrombotic (Clotting) Disorder

A group of inherited or acquired disorders that increase a person_s risk of developing a blood clot in the veins or arteries.

Thrush

An infection of the mouth caused by the candida fungus, also known as yeast. Candida infection is not limited to the mouth; it can occur in other parts of the body as well, causing diaper rash in infants or vaginal yeast infections in women.

Thymus

Small organ in the upper chest, under the breastbone. Before birth and during childhood, the thymus helps the body make a type of white blood cell. These cells help protect you from infections.

Tibia

Smaller of the two bones in the lower part of the leg between the knee and ankle.

Tinnitus

Ringing in the ear

Torticollis

Condition in which the neck is twisted so that the head is held/tipped to one side, while the chin is turned to the other.

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

The pulmonary veins that bring oxygen-rich (red) blood from the lungs back to the heart aren_t connected to the left atrium. Instead, the pulmonary veins drain through abnormal connections to the right atrium.

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

A way of supplying all the nutritional needs of the body by bypassing the digestive system and dripping nutrient solution directly into a vein.

Transplant

The moving of an organ from one body to another or from a donor site to another location on the patient's own body, for the purpose of replacing the recipient's damaged or absent organ.

Transposition of the Great Arteries

The aorta and pulmonary artery are reversed. The aorta receives the oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle, but it_s carried back to the body without receiving more oxygen. Likewise, the pulmonary artery receives the oxygen-rich blood from the left ve

Tricuspid Atresia

Heart disease present at birth in which the tricuspid heart valve is missing or abnormally developed. The defect blocks blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

Tricuspid valve regurgitation

Weak or malformed tricuspid valve allows blood to flow backwards, forcing the heart to work.

Truncus Arteriosus

Heart defect that occurs when the two large arteries carrying blood away from the heart don_t form properly and one large artery is present instead.

Tuberous Sclerosis

A rare multi-system genetic disease that causes non-malignant tumors to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs, and skin.

Ulna

Bone in the forearm between the elbow and wrist on the side of the pinky finger.

Urinary Tract Infection

An infection that affects part of the urinary tract. When it affects the lower urinary tract it is known as a simple cystitis (a bladder infection) and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as pyelonephritis (a kidney infection).

Uterus

A hollow muscular organ located in the female pelvis between the bladder and rectum and is part of the female reproductive system; the womb.

Vascular Rings

A birth defect in which there is an abnormal formation of the aorta and/or its surrounding blood vessels. The trachea and esophagus are completely encircled and sometimes compressed by a 'ring' formed by these vessels, which can lead to breathing and dige

Vasculitis

A group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation. Both arteries and veins are affected.

Ventilator

A machine designed to mechanically move breatheable air into and out of the lungs, to provide the mechanism of breathing for a patient who is physically unable to breathe, or breathing insufficiently.

Ventricular Septal Defectÿ(VSD)

The pulmonary veins that bring oxygen-rich (red) blood from the lungs back to the heart aren_t connected to the left atrium. Instead, the pulmonary veins drain through abnormal connections to the right atrium.

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